Pressures of the E-Learning Practice in Light of The Spread of Corona Virus in Iraq a Case Study on Faculty in a Number of Iraqi Universities
Abstract
The study aimed to explore the phenomenon of functional pressure in e-learning and identify the primary challenges faced by university professors in e-learning during the Iraqi corona pandemic. The study adopted a descriptive analysis approach, and researchers employed targeted sampling techniques to contact a number of Iraqi universities in Baghdad. A total of 1,499 university faculties were approached, and 26 items were distributed online through social media platforms. Participants responded to the questionnaire. Data collection took place during the lockdown period in Iraq, spanning from May to September 2020. The findings from the comprehensive survey revealed that teachers across various academic degrees, genders, and years of service experience work pressure in e-learning. Notably, individuals with a PhD degree were found to face the highest levels of work pressure, particularly those holding the professor title.Keywords: E-learning, COVID-19, online teaching challenges, pandemic impact; educational technology
References
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Allan, J., & Lawless, N. (2004) Understanding and reducing stress in collaborative e-Learning. Electronic Journal on e-Learning, 2(1), 121-128.
Affouneh S, Salha S, Khlaif ZN. (2020) Designing Quality E-Learning Environments for Emergency Remote Teaching in Coronavirus Crisis. Interdiscip J Virtual Learn Med Sci.11(2):1-3.
Aljaser, A. M. (2019). The effectiveness of e-learning environment in developing academic achievement and the attitude to learn English among primary students. Turkish Online Journal of Distance Education-TOJDE, 20(2), 176-194.
Basilaia, G., & Kvavadze, D. (2020). Transition to Online Education in Schools during a SARS-CoV-2 Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic in Georgia. Pedagogical Research, 5(4), em0060.
Bruggen, A. (2015). An empirical investigation of the relationship between workload and performance. Management Decision, 53(10). 2377-2389.
Bashir, K. (2019). Modeling E-learning interactivity, learner satisfaction and continuance learning Intention in Ugandan higher learning institutions. International Journal of Education and Development using Information and Communication Technology.
Bader A Al Qaied, (2015). The Impact of Job Stress Resources on Job Performance of Hotels in Amman, International Journal of Business and Social Science, 6(7),
Caral Lopes, Ms and Dhara Kachalia, (2016). Impact Of Job Stress On Employee Performance In Banking Sector, International Journal of Science Technology and Management, 5(3), Choi
Murali ,S B., Basit,A., Hassan,Z. (2017) Impact Of Job Stress On Employee Performance,International Journal of Accounting & Business Management, Vol. 5 (No.2), www.ftms.edu.my/journals/index.php/journals/ijabm
Hardaker, G., & Singh, G. (2011). The Adoption and Diffusion of eLearning in UK Universities: A Comparative Case Study Using Giddens’s Theory of Structuration. Campus Wide Information Systems, 28(4), 221-233
Hafeez, S. (2018). The impact of job stress on performance of employees: A study of social security Hospital of District Okara & Sahiwal. Journal of Neuropsychology & Stress Management, 3, 4-12.
Khan,M.J., Altaf,S. and Kausar,H..(2013). Effect of Perceived Academic Stress on Students’ Performance, FWU Journal of Social Sciences, Winter 2013, Vol. 7, No. 2, pp146-151
Muhammad Iqbal, Muhammad Adnan Waseem, (2012). Impact of Job Stress on Job Satisfaction among Air Traffic Controllers of Civil Aviation Authority: An Empirical Study from Pakistan, International Journal of Human Resource Studies, 2(2).
Roe,R.A.,& Zijlstra, F.R.H.,.(2000). Work pressure. Results of a conceptual and empirical analysis, :https://www.researchgate.net/publication/230627007.
Ramzan, A. A. (2013). Effects of job stress on employees’ job performance a study on banking sector of Pakistan. Journal of Business and Management, 11(6), 61-68.
Sahu, P. (2020). Closure of Universities Due to Coronavirus Disease (COVID- 19): Impact on Education and Mental Health of Students and Academic Staff. Medical Education and Simulation, Centre for Medical Sciences Education, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, TTO.
Sai Mei Ling, Muhammad Awais Bhatti,(2014) Work Stress, and Job Performance in Malaysia Academic Sector: Role of Social Support as Moderator, 2014. British Journal of Economics, Management & Trade 4(12): 1986-1998.
Sajuyigbe, Ademola. S,,Madu –Igwe, Clara. O, Babalola, Debo. Y, (2015.) Influence Of Job-Stress On Job Performance Among Academic Staff Of University Of Ibadan, Nigeria, International Journal In Management And Social Science, 3(4),
Savi, D. (2020). COVID-19 and work from home: digital transformation of the workforce. Grey J. 16, 101–104.
World Health Organization (2018) : Surveillance for human infection with Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), Interim gu:idance, Geneva
Wireko-Gyebi Sampson, OhenebaAkyeampong,( 2014). Work-related Stress in Hotels: An Analysis of the Causes and Effects among Frontline Hotel Employees in the Kumasi Metropolis, Ghana, OMICS Publishing Group, J Tourism Hospit 3(2)
Yung Tai Tang, Chen Hua Chang, (2010). Impact of Role Ambiguity and Role Conflict on Employee Creativity, Department of International Business, Providence University, African Journal of Business Management, 4(6), 869-88.
Yusof, Nurhikma, Mat, RidzuanAdli, Latif Mohd Mas Rizat Haji Abdul, Ismail, Irzan, (2014). The Impact Of Work Stress Towards Work Life Balance In Malaysia, International Journal of Economics, Commerce and Management, Vol. II, Issue 11.
Zou, P., Huo, D., and Li, M. (2020). The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on firms: a survey in Guangdong Province, China. Glob. Health Res. Policy,5:41.
Zainuddin, P. F. A., Noor, N. M., Kadri, A., & Maimon, N. Z. (2021). Identifying Factors of Job Stress That Affect Job Performance among Employees in Sarawak Corporation, Malaysia. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 11(2), 1283-1293.
Published
2025-12-23
How to Cite
ALDAHHAN, Iman Amer.
Pressures of the E-Learning Practice in Light of The Spread of Corona Virus in Iraq a Case Study on Faculty in a Number of Iraqi Universities.
JURNAL ADMINISTRASI KANTOR, [S.l.], v. 13, n. 2, p. 193-217, dec. 2025.
ISSN 2527-9769.
Available at: <https://ejournal-binainsani.ac.id/index.php/JAK/article/view/3774>. Date accessed: 07 july 2026.
doi: https://doi.org/10.51211/jak.v13i2.3774.
Section
Articles
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
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