Can Company Size Moderate Transfer Pricing, Profitability, and Gender Diversity on Tax Aggressiveness?

  • Lucia Ari Diyani Universitas Bina Insani
  • Huda Aulia Rahman Universitas Bina Insani
  • Muhammad Takrim Universitas Bina Insani

Abstract

Taxes are recognized as one of the largest sources of income for the Indonesian state. Tax revenue comes from the community. Taxes are used by the government to fund state expenditures. Countries with stable economic capacity can be assessed from the achievement of the tax ratio in one period. The need for state revenue makes the government set a tax revenue target every year. This study examines whether company size can moderate the effect of transfer pricing, profitability, and gender diversity on tax aggressiveness. The research population comes from companies of manufacture that went public in the period of 2020-2023. The research sample used was 84 companies with a total data is 336, which were selected by purposive sampling. The method of this study is quantitative with analysis of panel data regression. The outcomes explained that there was a positive effect between transfer pricing and tax aggressiveness, negative effect between gender diversity and tax aggressiveness, while there was no effect between profitability and tax aggressiveness. In addition, company size is proven to be able to moderate the effect of transfer pricing and gender diversity on tax aggressiveness, but is unable to moderate profitability on tax aggressiveness.

References

Ambarsari D, Pratomo D, Kurnia K. 2019. Pengaruh Ukuran Dewan Komisaris, Gender Diversity pada Dewan, dan Kualitas Auditor Eksternal terhadap Agresivitas Pajak (Studi pada Perusahaan Sektor Property dan Real Estate yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia Periode 2013-2017). Kompartemen J. Ilm. Akunt. 17: 142–157.
Amidu M, Coffie W, Acquah P. 2019. Transfer pricing, earnings management and tax avoidance of firms in Ghana. J. Financ. Crime 26.
Barker J, Asare K, Brickman S. 2017. Transfer Pricing As A Vehicle In Corporate Tax Avoidance. J. Appl. Bus. Res. 33: 9–16.
Bhimani A, Horngren C, Datar S, Rajan M. 2019. Management And Cost Accounting, Seventh Ed. Pearson Education.
Chen S, Chen X, Shevlin T, Chen S, Chen X, Shevlin T. 2010. Are family firms more tax aggressive than non-family firms? J. financ. econ. 95: 41–61.
Darussalam, Septriadi D, Kristiaji B. 2013. Transfer Pricing: Ide, Strategi, dan Panduan Praktis dalam Perspektif Pajak Internasional. Jakarta: PT Dimensi Internasional Tax.
Dewi H. 2019. Tax Justice laporkan Bentoel lakukan penghindaran pajak, Indonesia rugi US$ 14 juta.
Fatmawati O, Solikin A. 2017. Pengaruh Karakteristik Perusahaan dan Beban Iklan Terhadap Tindakan Penghindaran Pajak Pada Perusahaan Manufaktur. Substansi Sumber Artik. Akunt. Audit. dan Keuang. Vokasi 1: 123–141.
Gul AF, Srinidhi B, Ng AC. 2011. Does board gender diversity improve the informativeness of stock prices? J. Account. Econ. 51: 314–338.
Herlina M, Juliarto A. 2019. Pengaruh Karakteristik Tata Kelola Perusahaan Terhadap Pengungkapan Emisi Karbon. Diponegoro J. Account. 8: 1–15.
Huseynov F, Klamm BK. 2012. Tax avoidance, tax management and corporate social responsibility. J. Corp. Financ. 18: 804–827.
Jarboui A, Kachouri Ben Saad M, Riguen R. 2020. Tax avoidance: do board gender diversity and sustainability performance make a difference? J. Financ. Crime 27: 1389–1408.
Jensen MC, Meckling WH. 1976. Theory of the firm: Managerial behavior, agency costs and ownership structure. J. Financ. Econ.: 77–132.
Kasmir. 2016. Analisis Laporan Keuangan. Jakarta: PT RajaGrafindo Persada.
Kusumastuti S, Sastra P. 2007. The impact of board diversity on firm value: Corporate governance perspectives. J. Account. Financ 9: 88–98.
Leksono AW, Albertus SS, Vhalery R. 2019. Pengaruh Ukuran Perusahaan dan Profitabilitas terhadap Agresivitas Pajak pada Perusahaan Manufaktur yang Listing di BEI Periode Tahun 2013–2017. JABE (Journal Appl. Bus. Econ. 5: 301.
Lisowsky P, Robinson L, Schmidt A. 2013. Do Publicly Disclosed Tax Reserves Tell Us About Privately Disclosed Tax Shelter Activity? J. Account. Res. 51: 583–629.
Magfira D, Murtanto M. 2021. Pengaruh Corporate Governance, Ukuran Perusahaan Dan Profitabilitas Terhadap Agresivitas Pajak Perusahaan. J. Akunt. Trisakti 8: 109.
Mamduh M. Hanafi D, Abdul Halim PD. 2018. Analisis Laporan Keuangan Edisi Kelima.
Mustika M, Ratnawati V, Silfi A. 2017. Pengaruh Corporate Social Responsibility, Ukuran Perusahaan, Profitabilitas, Leverage, Capital Intensity dan Kepemilikan Keluarga terhadap Agresivitas Pajak (Studi Empiris pada Perusahaan Pertambangan dan Pertanian yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia P. JOM Fekom 4: 1960–1970.
Mustofa MA, Amini M, Djaddang S. 2021. Pengaruh Profitabilitas Terhadap Agresivitas Pajak Dengan Capital Intensity Sebagai Variabel Moderasi. J. Ilm. Akunt. Kesatuan 9: 151–160.
Pajak.go.id. 2024. Laporan Kinerja Direktorat Jenderal Pajak 2013.
Panjalusman PA, Nugraha E, Setiawan A. 2018. Pengaruh Transfer Pricing Terhadap Penghindaran Pajak. J. Pendidik. Akunt. Keuang. 6: 105.
Parashakti RD. 2015. Perbedaan Gaya Kepemimpinan. J. Ilm. Manaj. dan Bisnis 1: 92–101.
Pearce J, Robinson R. 2007. Strategic Management: Strategy Formulation and Implementation. Richard D. Irwin Inc.
Peni E, Vahamaa S. 2010. Female executives and earnings management. Manag. Financ. 36.
Putra NT, Jati IK. 2018. Ukuran Perusahaan Sebagai Variabel Pemoderasi Pengaruh Profitabilitas pada Penghindaran Pajak. E-Jurnal Akunt. 25: 1234.
Putra P, Syah D, Sriwedari. 2018. Tax Avoidnce: Evidence of As a proof of Agency Theory and Tax Planning. Int. J. Res. Rev. 5: 52–60.
Putra W, Yuliusman Y, Wisra R. 2020. The Relations Among Firm Characteristic, Capital Intensity, Institutional Ownership, and Tax Avoidance: Some Evidence from Indonesia. Humanit. Soc. Sci. Rev. 8: 315–322.
Rahman HA. 2021. Agresivitas Pajak dan Faktor-faktor yang Memengaruhinya. 6: 195–206.
Sari DP, Purwaningsih A. 2014. Pengaruh Book Tax Differences Terhadap Manajemen Laba. Modus 26: 121.
Setiadi E, Usman K. 2011. Pengantar Sosiologi. Jakarta: Kencana Prenada Media Grup.
Sidik P, Suhono S. 2020. Pengaruh Profitabilitas Dan Leverage Terhadap Agresivitas Pajak. E-Jurnal Ekon. dan Bisnis Univ. Udayana 11: 1045.
Sikka P, Willmott H. 2010. The dark side of transfer pricing: Its role in tax avoidance and wealth retentiveness. Crit. Perspect. Account. 21: 342–356.
Suntari M, Mulyani SD. 2020. Pengaruh Transfer Pricing dan Thin Capitalization Terhadap Tax Aggressiveness dimoderasi oleh Ukuran Perusahaan. In: Prosiding Seminar Nasional Pakar., p 2–7.
Surya S, Noerlaela S. 2016. Pengaruh Profitabilitas Dan Leverage Terhadap Agresivitas Pajak (Studi Pada Perusahaan Telekomunikasi Yang Terdaftar Di Bursa Efek Indonesia Tahun 2009-2013). J. Sains Manaj. dan Akunt. VIII: 52–77.
Utomo AB, Fitria GN. 2021. Ukuran Perusahaan Memoderasi Pengaruh Capital Intensity dan Profitabilitas Terhadap Agresivitas Pajak. Esensi J. Bisnis dan Manaj. 10: 231–246.
Vacca A, Iazzi A, Vrontis D, Fait M. 2020. The Role of Gender Diversity on Tax Aggressiveness and Corporate Social Responsibility: Evidence from Italian Listed Companies. Sustainability 12.
Yahaya KA, Yusuf K. 2020. Impact of Company Characteristics on Aggressive Tax Avoidance in Nigerian Listed Insurance Companies. J. Adm. Bisnis 9: 101–111.
Yohana B, Darmastuti D, Widyastuti S. 2022. Penghindaran Pajak Di Indonesia: Pengaruh Transfer Pricing dan Customer Concentration Dimoderasi Oleh Peran Komisaris Independen. Reviu Akunt. dan Bisnis Indones. 6: 112–129.
Published
2026-02-20
How to Cite
DIYANI, Lucia Ari; RAHMAN, Huda Aulia; TAKRIM, Muhammad. Can Company Size Moderate Transfer Pricing, Profitability, and Gender Diversity on Tax Aggressiveness?. JURNAL ONLINE INSAN AKUNTAN, [S.l.], v. 10, n. 2, p. 125-136, feb. 2026. ISSN 2528-0163. Available at: <https://ejournal-binainsani.ac.id/index.php/JOIA/article/view/3827>. Date accessed: 07 july 2026. doi: https://doi.org/10.51211/joia.v10i2.3827.